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How to Calculate Percentage — All Four Methods
1. Percentage of a number (X% of Y): Multiply Y by X and divide by 100. Example: 18% of ₹50,000 = (50,000 × 18) / 100 = ₹9,000. Used for GST, discount, interest calculation. 2. Percentage change: ((New − Old) / Old) × 100. Example: salary ₹50,000 → ₹60,000 = 20% increase. 3. What % is X of Y: (X / Y) × 100. Example: marks 75 out of 120 = 62.5%. 4. Reverse percentage: (Value / Percentage) × 100. Example: ₹9,000 is 18% of ₹50,000.
Percentage in Personal Finance — Real India Examples
Percentages are the foundation of personal finance in India. Your home loan interest rate is 8.75% p.a. Your FD returns 7.1% p.a. GST on your restaurant bill is 5% or 18%. Your income tax slab is 20% or 30%. Your salary hike is 12%. Your SIP gave 14% CAGR over 10 years. Every financial number that matters is expressed as a percentage — understanding how to compute, compare, and interpret them is the core skill of financial literacy.
Percentage Change — Salary Hike Examples
Salary hike percentage is one of the most-searched percentage calculations in India, especially during appraisal season. If your current salary is ₹45,000 and the new offer is ₹52,000: hike = (7,000 / 45,000) × 100 = 15.56%. If you received a hike of 10% on ₹80,000: new salary = 80,000 + (80,000 × 10/100) = ₹88,000. A competing offer of ₹95,000 represents a hike of (15,000 / 80,000) × 100 = 18.75% — use the % Change tab above to verify any offer instantly.
Reverse Percentage — Extracting Base Price from GST-Inclusive Amount
Reverse percentage is extremely useful when you have a GST-inclusive total and need to find the original base price. If a product costs ₹11,800 inclusive of 18% GST: base price = (11,800 / 118) × 100 = ₹10,000. GST amount = ₹1,800. This is mathematically identical to: base price = inclusive amount / (1 + GST rate/100). The Reverse % tab handles this for any percentage value — not just GST.
Common Percentage Mistakes to Avoid
The most common mistake is confusing "percentage of" with "percentage change." A 50% increase followed by a 50% decrease does NOT bring you back to the original — it leaves you at 75% of the start. Example: ₹1,00,000 +50% = ₹1,50,000; then −50% = ₹75,000 — a net loss of ₹25,000. Another common error: "20% more than X" and "X is 20% more than Y" are different calculations. Our calculator handles all these cases correctly in their respective modes.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Formula: (X / 100) × Y. Example: 18% of ₹50,000 = (18/100) × 50,000 = ₹9,000. Used for GST, discounts, interest, and commission calculations. Use the "% of Number" tab above.
Formula: ((New − Old) / Old) × 100. Positive = increase, negative = decrease. Example: salary ₹50,000 → ₹60,000 = 20% increase. Stock ₹1,200 → ₹900 = −25%. Use the "% Change" tab above.
Formula: (X / Y) × 100. Example: rent ₹15,000 of salary ₹60,000 = (15,000 / 60,000) × 100 = 25%. Marks 75 of 120 = 62.5%. Use the "What % is X of Y" tab above.
Formula: (Value / Percentage) × 100. Example: ₹9,000 is 18% of what? → (9,000 / 18) × 100 = ₹50,000. Useful for finding base prices from GST-inclusive amounts. Use the "Reverse %" tab above.
Use percentage change: ((New Salary − Old Salary) / Old Salary) × 100. Example: ₹45,000 → ₹52,000 = (7,000 / 45,000) × 100 = 15.56% hike. Use the "% Change" tab and enter your old and new salary.